Solar Engineering P3 Reference 2 min read Reviewed June 4, 2026

LID (Light Induced Degradation)

LID is the initial 1–2% power loss of PV modules during first weeks of exposure. Primary in PERC cells.

Definition

Light Induced Degradation (LID) is the initial power loss in PV modules during the first weeks of sunlight exposure. PERC: 1.5–2.5% LID. TOPCon: <0.5%. HJT: <0.3%. Accounted for in 25-year warranty calculations.

Key Takeaways

  • LID = initial PV module power loss under first light.
  • PERC: 1.5–2.5%. TOPCon: <0.5%. HJT: <0.3%.
  • Manufacturers spec year-1 power ≥ 98% to account for LID.
  • TOPCon/HJT advantage in cumulative 25-year output.

Frequently Asked Questions

1 commonly searched questions about LID (Light Induced Degradation).

What causes LID?
Boron-oxygen defect formation under light in PERC p-type cells. Manifests as initial 1.5–2.5% loss. n-type TOPCon and HJT cells use different boron-free chemistry; minimal LID.

Need engineering-backed solar designs?

Heaven Designs delivers PE-stamped solar design packages, structural calculations, electrical engineering, and utility-compliant permit plans.